DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

File: 123096_sep96_decls1_0093.txt
Page: 0093
Total Pages: 109

Subject: DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS       

Unit: OTSG        

Parent Organization: HSC         

Box  ID: BX003203

Folder Title: DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS                                       

Document Number:          1

Folder Seq  #:         21












                             the sample stream with the sensor.       For example, if the sensor will
                             function only in an aqueous environment, the sample interface must
                             provide for the transfer of aerosol particles from che air into a
                             liquid stream. The Other major function of the sample interface is to
                             concentrate the material of incerest so that the sample volume to be
                             processed by the sensor is minimized.

                             c.  Sample Movement - A necessary component of automatic point
                             detectors is the movement of concentrated sample from the sample
                             interface co the agent sensor and to subsequently exhaust the processed
                             sample.   For liquid sample streams, this must be accomplished with
                             minimum fluid volumes using techniques such as flow injection analysis
                             to provide for the mixing of other reagents with the sample.            The
                             displacement volume associated with sample movement should be           minimized
                             to reduce the overall response Lime of the detector.          Sample movement
                             is best accomplished using positive displacement pumps or pneumatic
                             systems.

                     705.    In addition to sampling for direct deteclion,there are occasions when
                     sample  collection for future analysis is required.        There are problems here
                     related to the rapid transition from the aerosol state to suspension in a
                     fluid environment or to attachment to some solid, more or less dry surface.
                     These factors constitute an accumulative "stress" affecting, Lo a varying
icroorganisms. The objective of any aerosol sampling
                     technique is clearly to secure a specimen which reflects as closely as
                     possible the State of the original material to aid in the identification of
                     biological warfare agents.      Sampling can take place by two mechanisms:           an
                     automatic device thac would sample upon detection of an attack, or trained
                     individuals using manual sampling equipment.         The sampling capabilities
                     incorporated in detection systems will automatically start collecting when the
                     system detects the agent.      manual sampling will be accomplished by specially
                     trained teams such as special medical teams and NBC reconnaissance
                     personnel.   Uniformity in sample collection techniques is a vital requisite
                     for assayable samples co be used for positive identification and verification
                     of biological warfare.     Due to policical and stracegic implications,
                     custodial verification is mandatory.       Sampling should not be done
                     indiscriminately.    It should only be performed after indications of an attack
                     or when intelligence indicates that new agents may have been employed that are
                     not detectable by alarms.

                     GENERAL TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES - PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS

                     706.    Some examples of commercial samplers in practical laboratory and field
                     use will be given but, since technological development is rapid, they do not
                     necessarily represent the final Solution.

                             a. Liquid Impingers - These include high velocity samplers in which
                             the air stream approaches sonic velocity with the air inlet tube ending
 to the liquid surface, and low velocity samplers
                             which utilize the air washing principle. The high velocity liquid
                             impingers are efficient collectors of particles in the size range of
                             greatest biological interest, that is less than 5 Po in diameter, they
                             do however cause so@ destruction of the vegetative cells. The low
                             velocity impingers, on the other hand, are less destructive to the


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Document 109 f:/Week-36/BX003203/DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS/detection of medical defense against biological :1217960927452
Control Fields 17
File Room = sep96_declassified
File Cabinet = Week-36
Box ID = BX003203
Unit = OTSG
Parent Organization = HSC
Folder Title = DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Folder Seq # = 21
Subject = DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL
Document Seq # = 1
Document Date =
Scan Date =
Queued for Declassification = 01-JAN-1980
Short Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Long Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Permanent Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Non-Health Related Document = 01-JAN-1980
Declassified = 17-DEC-1996