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File: 123096_sep96_decls1_0092.txt
Subject: DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Unit: OTSG
Parent Organization: HSC
Box ID: BX003203
Folder Title: DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Document Number: 1
Folder Seq #: 21
when coup I ed WI Lh biotechnica I recogni t ion and ampl ific&ti on, can be
applied to pathogen and toxin detection and identification. The use of
microsensors for detection can be either d:rect or indirect. In direct
detection, the analyte changes various physical parameters of the
microsensor by directly binding to an analyle-sensitive coating or
membrane. One disadvantage of this methodology is that a completely
separate analyte-sensitive sensor is required for each anslyte. This
problem can be overcome by irLdirect detection. In this approach, the
microsensor detects signal molecules released as a result of an
analyte-binding event such as antigen-ant:,aody binding. This latter
modular concept enables capabilities for other toxins and pathogens to
be quickly added on. This mating of biotechnology with roicrosensors
technology will result in biomicrosensors that, while sophisticated,
will be simple to use, renewable, and compact.
d. Chemical Methods - Chemical tests for viable bacteria are usually
based on the oxidation or reduction of dyes by electroactive substances
associated with. viable bacteria. C.@zal- =cthads. of- detcrt-@rr. fcr-
toxins and other biological agents rely on finding chemical compounds
which will react specifically with toxin/biological agent functional
groups to form detectable complexes. The number of different
s that can be detected by this
technique is determined by the specific chemical reactions that can be
developed. The obvious disadvantage of this method is that an entirely
different chemical reaction sequence @st be devised for each new toxin
or organism that one would wish to detect. This imposes a considerable
design burden on the fabricators of such detectors and poses severe
logistic problems for users of equipmmt configured using this concept.
SAMPLINC
704. Sampling is a critical element which @st ze considered in the design
and development of all biological detection systems. In this context, the
sampling process can be considered in terms of three distinct subelements.
A. Sample Acquisition - Sample acquis'tio= is the process of obtaining
a representative sample from the envirorunenl and introducing it into a
detection system. For automatic point detectors the desired sample
consists of biological aerosols in the immediate vicinity of the
detector. Sample acquisition is normally accomplished by drawing
ambient air into the detector by means of a pump, fano or blower*
passing the air through a sample interface to concentrate and remove
material of interest, and then exhausting the waste air back into the
environment. The more dilute the concentration of agent, the greater
the voluite of air which must be processed by the sample acquisition
ty level for-the--
associated sensor.
b. Sample Interface - The sample interface in an automatic point
detector refers to those components or elements of the system which
remove and concentrate material of interest from a dilute ambient air
stream into a sample stream for an&lysis by specific sensors. OnL,
critical function of the sample interface is to insure compatibility of
29
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Document 109 f:/Week-36/BX003203/DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS/detection of medical defense against biological :1217960927452
Control Fields 17
File Room = sep96_declassified
File Cabinet = Week-36
Box ID = BX003203
Unit = OTSG
Parent Organization = HSC
Folder Title = DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Folder Seq # = 21
Subject = DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL
Document Seq # = 1
Document Date =
Scan Date =
Queued for Declassification = 01-JAN-1980
Short Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Long Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Permanent Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Non-Health Related Document = 01-JAN-1980
Declassified = 17-DEC-1996