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File: 123096_sep96_decls1_0098.txt
Subject: DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Unit: OTSG
Parent Organization: HSC
Box ID: BX003203
Folder Title: DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Document Number: 1
Folder Seq #: 21
vaccines, and the limitation on the number of vaccines that can be
administered at any one Lime. There are ways in which the efficiency of mass
vaccination may be improved.
a. The jet injector will significantly reduce the Lime required to
administer vaccines. IL is not unreasonable to expect an operator to
administer 600 Lo 1,000 injections per hour.
b. Another possible approach is the use of aerosol immunisation. This
route has been used effectively on a large scale for the immunisation
of animals but has not been widely used as a practical substitute for
conventional methods in man. This method has one unique and very
interesting aspect, in that it is possible that vaccines against
diseases normally contracted through the respiratory tract may be more
effective when administered by this route. Thus it may be possible to
stimulate local immunity in the respiratory tract, as well as systemic
immunity provided by the administration of vaccine through the skin.
This his Leen shown to occur followin- rer;4r=tory administration of.
0 -
the influenza vaccine. Although this method appears attractive it has
many inherent disadvantages, the principle ones being:
I
(1) the quantities of vaccine required are significantly greater
than those needed for conventional methods.
rol of individual dosage of the vaccine is extremely
difficult.
(3) the equipment is relatively fixed and the vaccinees must be
brought to a central point.
C. The use of polyvalent combined vaccines offers still another
approach toward reducing the burden of vaccine administration. This
approach may overcome some of the opposition to a mass immunisation
programme by reducing the number of injections.
807. The side effects of immunization, although seen infrequently, can
produce a significant morbidity; this occurs more often With relatively crude
vaccine preparations such as whole cell killed types. Idiosyncratic reactions
are associated with nearly all vaccines but affect a very small number of
vaccinees.
808. The use of adjuvants and immunopotentiators in animal vaccines to
produce enhanced responses to poorly immunogenic vaccines is well
documented. Their use in humans is presently limited to enhancing nonspecific
immunity in severely compromised patients, by the use of BCG vaccine or other
agents. It is i*pected that there will be a greater application of
i-unopotenciators in the treatment of infections in the future.
809. Passive immunoprophylaxis might also be used in a biological operational
situation. The lack of adequate sources of the imunaglabulins, the need for
almost immediate diagnosis of the etiological agent, and the limited duration
of protection preclude its use, perhaps, except to certain key personnel.
34
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Document 109 f:/Week-36/BX003203/DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS/detection of medical defense against biological :1217960927452
Control Fields 17
File Room = sep96_declassified
File Cabinet = Week-36
Box ID = BX003203
Unit = OTSG
Parent Organization = HSC
Folder Title = DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Folder Seq # = 21
Subject = DETECTION OF MEDICAL DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL
Document Seq # = 1
Document Date =
Scan Date =
Queued for Declassification = 01-JAN-1980
Short Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Long Term Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Permanent Referral = 01-JAN-1980
Non-Health Related Document = 01-JAN-1980
Declassified = 17-DEC-1996