Inspection of night vision equipment

File: 961031_ln186-95_3.txt
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Total Pages: 3

*********************************************
This document is a captured Iraqi military record.
It is provided in its original form to include Iraqi
classification markings (i.e. Top Secret, Secret, etc.).
These classification markings are NOT U.S. Government markings.
*********************************************

Filename:ln186-95.wp3
Ops 3

[SEAL: Iraqi Republic]

Iraqi Republic
I - 6
Department
File Number 2 / 59
Title: Support Equipment
Subject:
Note to the Keeper:

Secret
Command of the Eighth Infantry Division

Command of the Chemical Corps

Evaluation
of
the Chemical Situation

Secret

Enclosed is the
evaluation of the
chemical situation
that is issued by
the chemical corps
division. It shows
conclusions and
suggestions.
[signature]

In the name of God, most gracious, most merciful
Secret
Command of the
Chemical Corps
Eighth Infantry
Division
Number O 2 / 3 / 88
Date: Rajab ,
1411 H
February 4,
1991

To: Infantry Brigade 22
Infantry Brigade 48
Infantry Brigade 501
Subject: Evaluation of the chemical
situation
Enclosed is a copy of the evaluation of chemical situation that is
prepared by Lieutenant Colonel Farouq Fadel Abbas, Commander of
the Chemical Corps of Division 8 at 10:00 on 2 / 4 / 1991.
Please use it when preparing the evaluation of the chemical
situation of your formation and provide us with a copy and advise.

Enclosures:
1 copy of the evaluation of the situation.

[Signature]
Lieutenant Colonel
Farouq Fadel Abbas
Commander of the Chemical
Corps
Eighth Infantry Division
2 / 4 / 1991

Copy to:
Command of Division 8 (O) - Please review. Enclosed
is a copy of the
above situation
evaluation.
Command of the Chemical Corps, Third Corps - Your Secret letter
number 55 dated
January 13, 1991.
Please review and
enclosed is a copy
of the above
situation
evaluation.
Eighth Chemical Company - Enclosed is a copy of
the above situation
evaluation.

(1 - 1)
Secret
Document Evaluation (a,
b, c)

Secret
Evaluation of the Chemical Situation
by Lieutenant Colonel Farouq Fadel Abbas, Commander of the
Chemical Corps / Eighth Infantry Division
at 10:00 on 2 / 4 / 1991

Reference:
Maps: Al-Wafra - Al-Barqan - Kuwait, 1 / 100000
Objective:
1. To provide chemical support to the formations and units of
the eighth infantry division in the current sector during the
battle in defense and offense to reduce the effects of the
use of weapons of mass destruction.

Factors
2. Both partiesÕ Forces
A. The enemy
Review the intelligence analysis that is issued by the
Headquarters of the Eighth Infantry Division
First. It is possible that the enemy uses
weapons of mass destruction in the
battle.
Second. The enemy owns weapons of mass destruction
that can be used to paralyze the troops in
defense or offence and inflict losses in case
of a sudden attack.
Third. The enemy has methods to spread weapons
of mass destruction (Aircrafts -
Artillery - Rockets) against the
divisionÕs sector which guarantees the
use of weapons of mass destruction during
the course of the battle as in Annex A.
Fourth. The enemyÕs troops have chemical protective
equipment as well as special chemical units to
decontaminate and generate smoke.
Fifth. The enemy may use weapons of mass
destruction on the divisionÕs units
during various battles.
Sixth. The enemy may use weapons of mass
destruction in various phases of the
battles, the most exposed target,
especially frontal troops, reserves, and
artillery, headquarters, maintenance
ways, and administrative areas.

( 1 - 15 )
Secret

Secret
1 During the preparations phase:
a. Toxic chemical agents (persistent) are used in the
artillery units, on the divisionÕs headquarters, in
counter attack measures, in administrative areas,
and on reserve troops by using long range
aircrafts, rockets, and artillery.
b. Non persistent chemical agents are used on
formations, frontal units, formationsÕ
headquarters, and counter attacks troops. They are
used through artillery and mortars.
2 During the course of the battle:
a. Persistent toxic chemical weapons may be sued on
the divisionÕs headquarters, artillery sites,
administrative areas, reserve troops, counter
attack, maintenance ways, and passages by using
aircrafts, artillery, and rockets. The enemy may be
able to treat the contamination concentration in
one day.
b. Non persistent toxic chemical agents may be used in
the frontal troops, formation headquarters, and
counter attack forces by using aircrafts,
artillery, and mortars.
Seventh. The enemyÕs contamination capability and methods.
Refer to Annex B.
Eighth. Possible casualties and losses during the preparations
phase and the course of the battle: enclosed Annex C.
Suggestions for the chemical repair of broken equipment:
Annex D.
B. Our troops
First. The Eighth Infantry Division and its troops
defend the national frontiers.
Second. Chemical units that are part of the division
battles and its troops: Refer to the enclosed Annex
D. The chemical effort that is offered at the
highest level.
Third. Decontamination by the units that are part of
the divisionÕs troops: Refer to Annex E
Fourth. % 104 is the average of the quantity of chemical
equipment of the divisionÕs troops and units: Annex
F
Fifth. Good training level and fighting competence
when working in case the enemy is using toxic
chemical agents by:
1 Applying all the instructions by the third
corps command, the eighth infantry division
command, and the chemical corps directorate to
raise the level of training and increase the
protective measures.
2 Carrying out the chemical procedures and
establishing sessions for officers to increase
chemical awareness.
- 2 -
Secret

Secret
3. Comparing both forces
Enclosed Annex G.
4. Conclusions
a. The enemy uses aircrafts, rockets, and artillery to
spread weapons of mass destruction during the period of
preparations and the course of the battle.
b. The size of the units of the chemical division (Eighth
chemical Company - Chemical Advisors in the Units) refer
to Annexes H - I - J.
5. The Ground
a. The ground is generally open and sandy with a lot of
sandy layers and valleys.
b. The absence of straits and passages help gathering toxic
chemical agents.
c. There is a main road that is asphalted and others that
are not in the area. The use of toxic chemical agents
affects these roads in case they were contaminated.
d. Water sources are not available in the area so they are
used for decontamination purposes except for the coast
and the springs that exist in the area.
e. The city of Al-Wafra is generally crowded with
buildings, oil installations, and agricultural areas.
This helps toxic chemical agents to linger for a while.
6. Conclusions
a. As mentioned above, the ground is sandy and loose and
helps to absorb toxic chemical agents especially
persistent agents. Since the ground is open, it
accelerates the evaporation process of toxic chemical
agents and the non persistence for a long time except
for asphalted roads that affect the stay of toxic
chemical agents for a while.
b. Since the ground is sandy, the use of toxic chemical
agents by the enemy intensively and by all means for
the purpose of increasing the concentration of toxic
chemical agents.
c. Areas that are exposed to the use of weapons of mass
destruction
First. Headquarters of division and formations
Second. Headquarters of the artillery units
Third. Back and administrative areas.
Fourth. Counter attack roads of the reserve troops.
Fifth. Man roads and passages to maintain the
troops.
Sixth. Reserve troops.
3
Secret

Secret
d. The ground is generally open and helps all troops to
guarantee chemical observation and reconnaissance for
each sector in order to provide early chemical warning
from the use of weapons of mass destruction. The ground
helps chemical units to carry out their obligations of
reconnaissance, defining contaminated areas, and total
decontamination.
e. The ground helps unit / troops by chemical support and
the use of smoke units and flare launchers with counter
attack troops according to the tactical situation.
f. In case the roads that are parallel to the
decontamination lines of the division are contamination,
the decontamination process is carried out by the eighth
chemical company.
7. Weather Conditions
a. The wind that prevails in the area is North Western at
310 degree most of the time or South Eastern at 135
degrees. Average of wind velocity is 3 to 8 m / s.
b. Air and Soil Temperature
First. In winter
Air temperature from 10 to 20 centigrade.
Soil temperature from 5 to 15 centigrade.
Second. In summer
Air temperature from 40 to 50 centigrade.
Soil temperature from 40 to 50 centigrade.
c. Humidity
First. Humidity with a North Western wind at 310
degrees is from 55 % to 65 %.
Second. Humidity with a South Eastern wind at 130
degrees is from 70 % to 85 %.
d. Weather in the area
First. In winter, cloudy and clear intercepted
by rain.
Second. In summer, clear, hot, and dry.
e. First and last light time
First light is from 05:56, last light is 17:49 (summer).
Last light is from 06:10, last light is 17:30 (winter)

- 4 -
Secret

Secret
8. Conclusions
a. If the wind is North Western, the use of toxic chemical
agents is possible by the enemy because it is going
towards our troops. However, if the wind is South
Eastern, it is possible to be used on frontal troops of
the headquarters and the artillery.
b. Temperature is high in general. It helps to speed the
evaporation process of toxic chemical agents and reduce
its persistency. High humidity level in the area helps
reducing the effect of toxic chemical agents.
c. Since the wind velocity is high in the area because the
area is open, it helps accelerating the evaporation of
toxic chemical agents and helps to reduce the effect of
toxic chemical agents.
d. Since the ground is generally sandy, it helps reducing
the concentration of toxic chemical agents and prevents
its spreading because the absorption process is good.
e. Rain helps dissolve toxic chemical agents and is thus
absorbed by the ground because it is sandy.
f. The effect of weather conditions in observation and
reconnaissance operations is appropriate in winter. In
summer, they are intercepted by local dust that affects
vision and observation. The most appropriate moment to
use toxic chemical agents in the area by the enemy is
after the last light and before the first light and in
some instances, at midnight because the weather is at an
equilibrium. That is, air temperature is equal to soil
temperature and that helps to increase the possible
losses when using toxic chemical agents.

9. Summary of Conclusions
a. The enemy is capable of spreading weapons of mass
destruction to all the divisionÕs troops through
aircrafts, rockets, and artillery.
b. All the divisionÕs troops and units were equipped with
individual and collective protective equipment and are
trained to use them at all times and under all
circumstances.
c. Chemical observation posts were opened in the chemical
and non chemical units to cover all divisionÕs troops to
observe the chemical warning of the troops when the
enemy uses weapons of mass destruction.
d. The chemical effort that is available to the division
sector is sufficient to support the divisionÕs units
through chemical reconnaissance, observation, and
decontamination in case the enemy uses weapons of mass
instruction.
e. The ground in general helps the spread of chemical
agents because it is open. It also helps the absorption
of toxic chemical agents because it is sandy. This
minimizes the effect of toxic chemical agents in case
they were constantly used by the enemy.

- 5 -
Secret

Secret

10. Suggestions
a. Observation and warning is provided to all the
divisionÕs troops and attached units by opening a
chemical observation post with the chemical elements
that are available (Chemical Advisors). The eighth
chemical company also opens a chemical observation post
at its headquarters and the above elements at their
formationÕs headquarters. Observation and chemical
warning are provided to each sector.
b. Chemical reconnaissance is provided to the sector of the
division according to the background of the areas where
weapons of mass destruction are used. Tests are
conducted especially to the division.
c. All troops take the following protective measures:
First. Complete chemical equipment to all
(protective mask - decontamination
equipment).
Second. Open chemical observation post
Third. Conduct chemical warning exercises
Fourth. Conduct Individual and partial decontamination
exercises
Fifth. Perform full decontamination exercises
and open
decontamination
centers for
decontamination
lines by the eighth
chemical company.
Sixth. Conduct chemical protection exercises for
incendiary agents.
d. High priority is given to the exposure to weapons of
mass destruction and to all the telecommunications and
the news by the higher headquarters according to their
classification.

[Signature]
Lieutenant Colonel
Farouq Fadel Abbas
Commander of the chemical
corps
Eighth Infantry Division
January 4 / 1991
- 6 -
Secret

Secret
Annex A to the Evaluation of the
Chemical Situation
Means that are used by the enemy to launch weapons of mass
destruction into or from the air

Phase
Artillery

Aircrafts

Mortar
s
Artill
ery
105 mm
155 mm

Artill
ery
Rocket
s
Bomber
Fighte
r
Bomber

Preparations

During the course of
the battle

In case toxic chemical agents were used by aircrafts, 30 % of the
aircrafts use in case of artillery that may be used to launch
toxic chemical agents and incendiary material, 130 mm mortar, 160
mm mortar, 155 mm canon, 105 mm, 20 203 mm rocket canon. In
case of a one shot of Sarin agent for 30 seconds, all artillery
capabilities are used. In case of a shot for a period of 10 to 15
minutes, 30 % of the artillery is used.

- 7 -
Secret

Secret
Annex B to the Evaluation of the
Chemical Situation

EnemyÕs methods of contamination by using artillery and aircrafts

No.
EnemyÕs
Methods
Size of enemyÕs
methods
during battle
phases

Capabilities in battle
phases

Remar
ks

Preparations

During
battle

During
preparat
ions
During
course
of
battle
mus-
tard
25 %
VX
25
%
Sa-
rin
mus-
tard
25 %
VX
25
%
Sa
-
ri
n

Aircraf
ts

Artille
ry

- 8 -
Secret

Secret
Annex C to the Evaluation of the Chemical Situation
Predicted Losses in Chemical Equipment during both phases of preparations and the course of
the battle that are required to be provided when using weapons of mass destruction

Chemica
l
Equipme
nt
Measu
re-
ment
unit
Measu
re-
ment
/
Owned
Ava
il-
abl
e
Sho
rt-
age
Rese
rve
(no.
of
days
)
Measu
re-
ment
Owned
+
Reser
ve
Losses
during
below
phase

to be
equipped
before
battle

to be
equipped at
the end of
day ([] +
1)

Remarks

Pre
pe-
rat
ion
s
Dur
ing
bat
tle
Quan
tity
Ton
Quant
ity
Ton

Protect
ive
mask

Decont.
& 1sr
aid
equip.

Skin
Protect
ive
Equipme
nt

[illegi
ble]
Chem.
Equip.

Chem.
Decont.
Vehicle
s

Collect
ive
Protect
ors

for
each

same

for
units

for
chem.
units

for
forma
tions

15383

190
78

169
43

138
95

148
8

1538

16921

169

152
0

169

1520

- 9 -
Secret

Secret
Annex D to the Evaluation of the
Chemical Situation
Quantity of Chemical Units that are part of the battle of the
division and its attached units

Units
Formatio
ns
Chemical
Companie
s
Chemica
l
Battali
ons
Brigade
Command
Companie
s
Smoke
Battalio
ns
Companie
s
Chemical
Depots
Chemical
Workshop
s

Under
the
Command
of
Division
8

1
1

Total

1
1

- 10 -
Secret

Secret
Annex E to the Evaluation of the Chemical
Situation
Capabilities of Chemical Units in the Sector of Division 8
Chemical
Units /
attached
Units
Chem. &
Rad. Obs.

Weap. &
Equip.
Decont.

Ground
Decont
.

Persons
Decontamin
ation

Che
-
mic
al
Sol
u-
tio
ns
du-
rin
g a
10
hou
r
wor
k
day
Clo
the
s
&
gro
ups
dec
on-
tam
ina
-
tio
n
dur
ing
a
10
hou
r
wor
k
day
Chemical Repair

Smoke

pa
t-
ro
l
of
th
e
co
m
of
ch
e-
mi
-
ca
l
ob
-
se
r-
va
-
ti
on
nu-
cle
ar
ex-
plo
-
sio
n
are
a
rec
onn
ais
-
san
ce
che
-
mi-
cal
con
-
ta-
mi-
na-
tio
n
are
a
rec
onn
ais
-
san
ce
la
r-
ge
eq
t.
/h
r
ep
t.
or
pa
rt
/
4
hr
s
ba
t.
/
4
hr
s
rd
.
de
-
ct
.
25
wd
e
av
g.
0.
5
l/
m2
on
e
co
n-
ta
i-
ne
r
rd
.
de
-
ct
.
25
wd
e
av
g.
1
l/
m2
tw
o
co
n-
ta
i-
ne
rs
pe
r-
so
n
/
ho
ur
pe
r-
so
n
/
4
hr
s.
Ba
t-
ta
-
li
on
/
4
hr
s.

First
Line

Second
Line

Smoke
Curtain

P
r
o
t

e
c
t
I
v
e

M
a
s
k
s
P
r
o
t
v
e

E
q
u
I
p
m
e
n
t
D
e
c
o
n
t
.

E
q
u
I
p
m
e
n
t
r
a
d
.

D
e
t
e
c
t
.

E
q
u
I
p
.
P
r
o
t

e
c
t
I
v
e

M
a
s
k
s
P
r
o
t
v
e

E
q
u
I
p
m
e
n
t
D
e
c
o
n
t
.

E
q
u
I
p
m
e
n
t
r
a
d
.

D
e
t
e
c
t
.

E
q
u
I
p
.
v
e
r
t
I
c
a
l

w
i
n
d
l
e
a
n
i
n
g

w
i
n
d
s
i
d
e

w
i
n
d
s
m
o
k
e

c
l
o
u
d

Chem.
Co. 8
Chem.
Platoon
Chem.
Plat.
Unit
4
5
km
5
km2
36
/
48
14
4/
18
2
1

3
km
2
6
km
2
28
0
10
20
1
20
248
2
0
2
0
6
3

Total
4
5
km
5
km2
36
/
48
14
4/
18
2
4
3
km
2
6
km
2

28
0
10
20
1
20
248
2
0
2
0
6
3

Secret
Annex F to the Evaluation of the Chemical
Situation
Status of chemical equipment, suggestions to complete shortages, and formation of the
reserve sector of Division 8
Chemi
cal
Equip
ment
Measur
ement
Unit
Owned /
Measure
ment
Rese
rve
Tot
al
Availa
ble
with
Troops
Surplu
s
with
Troops
Short
age
with
Troop
s
Short
age
Perce
ntage
Reserv
e to
be at
Depot
Avail
able
at
Depot
Short
age
at
Depot
Surp
lus
at
Depo
t

Prote
ctive
Mask

Quanti
ty
15383
1538
169
21
19078
3691
-
123 %
1538
1240
298
-

Decon
t. &
1st
aid
equip
ment
Quanti
ty
15383
1538
169
21
16943
1556
-
110 %
1538
720
818
-

Prote
ctive
Cloak

Quanti
ty
15383
1538
169
21
13166
-
1326
91 %
1538
584
954
-

Light
Prote
ctive
Glove
s
Pair
15383
1538
169
21
14071
-
2221
85 %
1538
-
1549
-

Light
Prote
ctive
Foot
Gear
Pair
15383
1538
169
21
13895
-
1492
90 %
1538
-
196
-

Secret
Attachment to Annex F to the Evaluation of the
Chemical Situation

Prote
ctive
Vest

Quant
ity
164
16
180
151

Thick
Prote
ctive
Glove
s
Pair
164
16
180
149

Chemi
cal
[ille
gible
]
Equip
ment
Quant
ity
30
3
33
31

Chemi
cal
Warni
ng
Flare
Quant
ity
232
23
255
221

Indiv
idual
Decon
t.
Equip
ment
for
vehic
les
Quant
ity
143
14
157
107

AtroP
en
Auto
Injec
tors
Quant
ity

1664

Prote
ctive
Ointm
ent
Quant
ity

7643

1500

Thick
Prote
ctive
Foot
Gear
Pair
164
16
180
142

Colle
ctive
Prote
ctors
Quant
ity
11
1
12
14

- 12 -
Secret

Secret
Annex G to the Evaluation of the
Chemical Situation
Comparison between our decontamination capabilities and the
enemyÕs contamination abilities

Phase
Type of
contamina
ted area
or item
EnemyÕs
Contaminati
on
Capabilitie
s
Our
Decontaminat
ion
Capabilities
Averag
e
Remarks

Preparati
ons

During
the
course of
the
battle

- 13 -
Secret

Secret
Annex H to the Evaluation of the
Chemical Situation
Chemical GroupÕs Plan in the Sector of Division 8

No
.
Units and
Attached Units
outside the
scope of the
divisionÕs
battle
Units and
Formations

Chemi
cal
Reser
ve
GroupÕs Timing
Remar
ks

Divis
ion
Briga
de

Command of the
Chemical Corps
of Division 8

Chemical Corps
/ 8

under the
divisionÕs
command

under the command
of the divisionÕs
chemical corps

- 14 -
Secret

Secret
Annex I to the Evaluation of the
Chemical Situation
Suggestions to use the Chemical Units

No.
Chemical Units
Suggestions of Use

Remarks

During the
Preparations
Phase
During the
Course of the
Battle

Chemical Corps
/ 8

A Chemical
Observation
Post is
opened at the
main and
attached
headquarters
(of the
Division)

A Chemical
Observation
Post is opened
at the
Headquarters

They are
supported by
each unit and
formation that
are working in
the division
when the enemy
uses weapons
of mass
destruction
and depending
on the
tactical
situation.

- 15 -
Secret

Secret
Annex J to the Evaluation of the Chemical Situation
Situation and Suggestions for the chemical repair in the sector of the eighth division
No
.
Chemical
Equipment
Measure
ment
Unit
Owned /
Measure
ment
Avail
able
Expected
Breakdowns

Repair
Capabilit
ies in
the
DivisionÕ
s
Formation
s

Repair
Capabiliti
es that
are the
CorpsÕ
responsibi
lity

Total of
Repair
Capabilit
ies

Total of
Repairs
that are
beyond
the scope
of the
corps

Line
1

Line
2

Line
3

%
Qt
y
%
Qt
y
%
Qt
y
ln
1
l
n
2
ba
se
ln
1
ln
2
ba
se
ln
.1
l
n
2
ba
se
ln
.1
l
n
2
ba
se

Protective
masks

Decontaminati
on and 1st
aid equipment

Skin
Protection
Equipment

Chemical
Reconnaissanc
e Equipment

Chemical
Decontaminati
on Vehicles

Collective
Protective
Gear
Per
person

Per
Person

Units

Chemica
l Units

Per
Formati
on /
Divisio
n
15383

15383

11
19078

16943

13895

14
5
0

3
0

4
0

5
0
25
1

25
1

12
3

- 16 -
Secret