Psychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Combat and Deployment with Special Emphasis on the Gulf War
David H. Marlowe
Preface
Tables
Foreword
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Historical Overview: Psychological Consequences of Battle Stress
The Classical World
A More Recent Culture Illuminates Perspectives from the
Classical World
The Relation Between Group Cohesion and Soldier Sustainment
The Importance of the Leader
Western Values Regarding Behavior During and
Following Combat
Mind-Body Decoupling in the West
Chapter Three: Modern War: The American Civil War
Postwar Phenomena
Chapter Four: Conceptual and Theoretical Medical Developments in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Hysteria and Hypochondria
Neurasthenia (Neurocirculatory Asthenia)
Changes in the Concept of Hysteria and Traumatic Neurosis
The Major Medical Text: Osler’s Definitions
Traumatic Neuroses
Hysteria
Neurasthenia
Beyond Osler's Definitions
Ancillary Developments in Military Medicine
Chapter Five: World War I
Shell Shock
The Shift to a Psychological Interpretation
Treatment of Shell Shock
Changes in the Significance of Military Groups and Treatment Near the Front Lines
The Redefinition of Hysteria
The American Experience
Postwar Concerns
The Lessons of World War I
Chapter Six: 1919-1941: The Interwar Years
Mind-Body Dichotomy
Diagnosis and Classification
Chapter Seven: World War II
Selection
Combat Realities and the Failure of Selection
The Role of the Group
Battle Fatigue/Combat Fatigue
A Noncombat Hysteriform Behavioral Epidemic: The Case of Atabrine
Other Non-Battle-Fatigue Psychologically Implicated Disorders
The World War II Paradigm Shift
Chapter Eight: Post-World War II Conceptual Developments
The Development of the Contemporary Concept of Stress
Other Theoretical Developments Bearing on the Psychogenic and Psychosomatic Consequences of "Being Ill"
Chapter Nine: Vietnam
Vietnam As a Paradigmatic Case
Psychiatric Casualties in Vietnam
Vietnam Combat Reaction
The Ecology of Combat and the Sociocultural Context of the Vietnam Conflict
The Phases of the Vietnam Conflict
The Problems in Respect to Psychologically Based Casualty Generation
The Temporal Patterns of Combat-Stress Casualties
Factors Some Presumed to Account for Rate Variations
Prescribed Medications
Group and Unit Cohesion
Short-Timers Syndrome
Life Restructure As a Factor
Substance Abuse in Vietnam
Traumatic Exposure in Vietnam and Its Attributional Role in the Development of the PTSD Outcome Category
Some Further Considerations on the Issue of PTSD
Health Consequences of Service in Vietnam
Herbicide Exposure
Homecoming Pattern
Chapter Ten: The Gulf War: Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm
The Stresses of the Gulf Deployment
Assessing Stress and Adaptation
The Structure of the Studies
The Field Study and Assessment Phase
Factors Contributing to the Stress of the Deployment
Stress Generated by Concerns About Home
Stressful Living Conditions
Stresses Generated by the Perceived Threat
Organizationally Attributed Stressors
Other Sources of Stress
Stress Mediators
Population Variation in Response to Stressors
Stresses in Anticipation of Combat
Measuring Stress Levels
The Stresses of the Combat Period
Chapter Eleven: Return From the Persian Gulf and Its Consequences
The Effects of Traumatic Exposure to Combat
The Stresses of Return from the Persian Gulf
Chapter Twelve: Conclusions
Bibliography
Psychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Combat and Deployment with Special Emphasis on the Gulf War, David H. Marlowe, MR-1018/11-OSD, 2000
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